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Table of Contents

3

Safety and Hazard Arareness

7

Electrical Shock

9

Lockout-Tagout Procedures

9

Do Not Work Alone

9

Learn First Aid

11

Electrical Burns

11

Portable Electric Tools

11

Non-Conducting Ladders

11

Safety Guidelines

11

Chapter 1: What is Electricity?

13

Atoms/Electrons

14

Potential Difference

14

Volts

14

Measuring Volts

16

How Electrons Flow Through a Conductor

17

Amperage

18

Resistance

18

Ohms Law

18

Resistance and Reactance

20

Pure Resistance

20

Inductive Reactance

20

Capacitive Reactance

21

Impedance

21

Measuring Resistance

21

Wattage

22

Student Worksheets

23

Chapter 2: Circuits and Their Components

29

Simple Circuit

31

Series Circuit

31

Total Resistance in a Series Circuirt

31

Series Circuit Laws

31

Parallel Circuits

31

Total Resistance in a Parallel Circuit

32

Parallel Circuit Laws

32

Combination Series/Parallel Circuits

32

Three-Phase Circuits

32

Single-Phase Circuits

34

The Neutral Wire

34

The Safety Ground Wire

34

Conductors

35

Insulators

36

Semi-Conductors

36

Circuit Protection

37

Loads and Switches

38

Transformers

38

Low-Voltage Transformers

40

Solenoid Valves

41

Relays

41

Sequencer

42

Contactors

42

Contactor Coil Burn-Out

43

Line Starters

44

Defrost Timers

45

Thermostats

45

Heat Anticipators

46

Student Worksheets

49

Chapter 3: Motors

65

Induction Motors

66

The Parts of a Motor

66

Stator Poles

66

Stators

66

Rotors

68

Motor Speed

68

Shaded Pole

68

Split Phase Motors

68

Direction of Rotation

70

Disconnecting the Start Winding

70

CS or CSIR Motors

72

PSC Motors

72

CSR Motors

72

Identifying Hermetic Motor Terminals

73

Electronically Communicated Motors

74

Shaded Pole and PSC Motor Speeds

75

Capacitors

75

Start Capacitors

75

The Run Capacitor

75

Capacitor Ratings

76

Single-Phase Motor Starting Relays

76

Current Relay

77

Potential Relay

77

Solid State and PSC

78

Chapter 4: Understanding Wiring Diagrams

91

116

Chapter 5: Automated Control Systems

108

116

Chapter 6: Troubleshooting

117

116

Glossary

139